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fedora扩容
一直在VirtualBox下使用linux，遇到了磁盘容量不足的情况，几经周折，终于扩容成功了。记录一下扩容的历程
[zhang011003@localhost ~]$ sudo fdisk /dev/sda
[sudo] password for zhang011003:
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.32).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): m
Help:
DOS (MBR)
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit nested BSD disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
Generic
d delete a partition
F list free unpartitioned space
l list known partition types
n add a new partition
p print the partition table
t change a partition type
v verify the partition table
i print information about a partition
Misc
m print this menu
u change display/entry units
x extra functionality (experts only)
Script
I load disk layout from sfdisk script file
O dump disk layout to sfdisk script file
Save & Exit
w write table to disk and exit
q quit without saving changes
Create a new label
g create a new empty GPT partition table
G create a new empty SGI (IRIX) partition table
o create a new empty DOS partition table
s create a new empty Sun partition table
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 20 GiB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x4dd44768
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 2097152 1G 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 2099200 20971519 18872320 9G 8e Linux LVM
Command (m for help): n
Partition type
p primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free)
e extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): p
Partition number (3,4, default 3):
First sector (20971520-41943039, default 20971520):
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (20971520-41943039, default 41943039):
Created a new partition 3 of type 'Linux' and of size 10 GiB.
Partition #3 contains a ext4 signature.
Do you want to remove the signature? [Y]es/[N]o: y
The signature will be removed by a write command.
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 20 GiB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x4dd44768
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 2097152 1G 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 2099200 20971519 18872320 9G 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sda3 20971520 41943039 20971520 10G 83 Linux
Filesystem/RAID signature on partition 3 will be wiped.
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Syncing disks.
[zhang011003@localhost ~]$ df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /dev
tmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 2.0G 1.4M 2.0G 1% /run
tmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/fedora_localhost--live-root 7.9G 7.2G 204M 98% /
tmpfs 2.0G 72K 2.0G 1% /tmp
/dev/sda1 976M 150M 759M 17% /boot
D_DRIVE 932G 43G 889G 5% /media/sf_D_DRIVE
tmpfs 395M 8.0M 387M 3% /run/user/1000
/dev/sr0 56M 56M 0 100% /run/media/zhang011003/VBox_GAs_5.2.8
[zhang011003@localhost ~]$ sudo fdisk -l
[sudo] password for zhang011003:
Disk /dev/sda: 20 GiB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x4dd44768
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 2097152 1G 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 2099200 20971519 18872320 9G 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sda3 20971520 41943039 20971520 10G 83 Linux
Disk /dev/mapper/fedora_localhost--live-root: 8 GiB, 8585740288 bytes, 16769024 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/fedora_localhost--live-swap: 1 GiB, 1073741824 bytes, 2097152 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
[zhang011003@localhost ~]$ sudo pvcreate /dev/sda3
Physical volume "/dev/sda3" successfully created.
[zhang011003@localhost ~]$ sudo vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name fedora_localhost-live
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 3
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 2
Open LV 2
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size <9.00 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 2303
Alloc PE / Size 2303 / <9.00 GiB
Free PE / Size 0 / 0
VG UUID xAtGSL-culJ-bFM1-xZrA-pQzA-Gien-mwYpXY
[zhang011003@localhost ~]$ sudo vgextend /dev/mapper/fedora_localhost--live-root /dev/sda3
Volume group name "fedora_localhost-live/root" has invalid characters.
Cannot process volume group fedora_localhost-live/root
[zhang011003@localhost ~]$ df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /dev
tmpfs 2.0G 32M 1.9G 2% /dev/shm
tmpfs 2.0G 1.4M 2.0G 1% /run
tmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/fedora_localhost--live-root 7.9G 7.3G 179M 98% /
tmpfs 2.0G 72K 2.0G 1% /tmp
/dev/sda1 976M 150M 759M 17% /boot
D_DRIVE 932G 43G 889G 5% /media/sf_D_DRIVE
tmpfs 395M 11M 384M 3% /run/user/1000
/dev/sr0 56M 56M 0 100% /run/media/zhang011003/VBox_GAs_5.2.8
[zhang011003@localhost ~]$ sudo vgextend /dev/mapper/fedora_localhost--live /dev/sda3
Volume group "fedora_localhost-live" successfully extended
[zhang011003@localhost ~]$ sudo pvdisplay
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda2
VG Name fedora_localhost-live
PV Size <9.00 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB
Allocatable yes (but full)
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 2303
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 2303
PV UUID Q2qo9C-eX8C-JOf0-wqom-kFU8-m5kS-wIy7Um
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda3
VG Name fedora_localhost-live
PV Size 10.00 GiB / not usable 4.00 MiB
Allocatable yes
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 2559
Free PE 2559
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID HTk1Nt-J0X5-qwir-pcna-G9x6-MH5P-cqKXyu
[zhang011003@localhost ~]$ sudo lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/fedora_localhost-live/swap
LV Name swap
VG Name fedora_localhost-live
LV UUID 12TNT1-gMov-kx7Z-ZqHh-DGDP-OyK3-UAxLsI
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time localhost-live, 2018-09-27 14:08:28 +0800
LV Status available
# open 2
LV Size 1.00 GiB
Current LE 256
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:1
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/fedora_localhost-live/root
LV Name root
VG Name fedora_localhost-live
LV UUID D2GeGT-p4Gt-LFUK-iop0-lBQ2-kxc9-7oS5Ql
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time localhost-live, 2018-09-27 14:08:29 +0800
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size <8.00 GiB
Current LE 2047
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:0
[zhang011003@localhost ~]$ sudo lvextend -L+11G /dev/fedora_localhost-live/root
Insufficient free space: 2816 extents needed, but only 2559 available
[zhang011003@localhost ~]$ sudo lvextend /dev/fedora_localhost-live/root /dev/sda3
Size of logical volume fedora_localhost-live/root changed from <8.00 GiB (2047 extents) to 17.99 GiB (4606 extents).
Logical volume fedora_localhost-live/root successfully resized.
[zhang011003@localhost ~]$ df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /dev
tmpfs 2.0G 42M 1.9G 3% /dev/shm
tmpfs 2.0G 1.4M 2.0G 1% /run
tmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/fedora_localhost--live-root 7.9G 7.3G 178M 98% /
tmpfs 2.0G 72K 2.0G 1% /tmp
/dev/sda1 976M 150M 759M 17% /boot
D_DRIVE 932G 43G 889G 5% /media/sf_D_DRIVE
tmpfs 395M 13M 382M 4% /run/user/1000
/dev/sr0 56M 56M 0 100% /run/media/zhang011003/VBox_GAs_5.2.8
[zhang011003@localhost ~]$ sudo resize2fs /dev/fedora_localhost-live/root
resize2fs 1.43.8 (1-Jan-2018)
Filesystem at /dev/fedora_localhost-live/root is mounted on /; on-line resizing required
old_desc_blocks = 1, new_desc_blocks = 3
The filesystem on /dev/fedora_localhost-live/root is now 4716544 (4k) blocks long.
[zhang011003@localhost ~]$ df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /dev
tmpfs 2.0G 36M 1.9G 2% /dev/shm
tmpfs 2.0G 1.4M 2.0G 1% /run
tmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/fedora_localhost--live-root 18G 7.3G 9.7G 43% /
tmpfs 2.0G 72K 2.0G 1% /tmp
/dev/sda1 976M 150M 759M 17% /boot
D_DRIVE 932G 43G 889G 5% /media/sf_D_DRIVE
tmpfs 395M 13M 382M 4% /run/user/1000
/dev/sr0 56M 56M 0 100% /run/media/zhang011003/VBox_GAs_5.2.8
2020-2-23补充：
今天又扩充了一次，发现上边的步骤少了一步，现在补充一下。
想要操作之前的步骤需要先分配空间
在VirtualBox中工具菜单选择介质
在介质界面，调整可用的空间大小
点击确定后再执行之前的步骤即可